What standard of evidence is required for civil violations?

• A. Clear and convincing evidence
• B. Preponderance of the evidence
• C. Beyond a reasonable doubt
• D. Substantial evidence

Answer: (B)

The standard of evidence required for civil violations is the preponderance of the evidence. This means that in order to establish liability in a civil case, the evidence presented must demonstrate that it is more likely than not that the violation occurred. In practical terms, this standard requires that the evidence shift the odds to greater than 50% in favor of the party asserting the claim.

This standard is used in civil cases because the consequences typically involve monetary damages or mandates for action, rather than criminal penalties, which require a higher standard. This lower burden of proof allows for a more accessible pathway to resolve disputes in civil matters, reflecting the goal of addressing grievances and compensating victims rather than imposing criminal punishment.