Which of the following can lead to incorrect speed readings from an SMD?

• A. Improper vehicle registration
• B. Technological upgrades to SMD
• C. Environmental conditions and device malfunction
• D. Use of outdated manuals

Answer: (C)

Incorrect speed readings from a Speed Measurement Device (SMD) can often arise due to environmental conditions and device malfunction. These factors significantly influence the accuracy and reliability of speed measurements taken by the device.

For instance, environmental conditions such as heavy rain, fog, or extreme temperatures can affect the performance of the SMD. These conditions might interfere with the device's ability to properly detect and measure speed. Similarly, any malfunction within the device, whether due to wear and tear, hardware issues, or software glitches, can lead to erroneous readings. Regular maintenance and checks are critical to ensure that the device functions correctly under varying environmental circumstances.

In contrast, improper vehicle registration, technological upgrades, and the use of outdated manuals typically do not directly cause incorrect speed readings. While these factors might influence how an officer utilizes the device or interpret its data, they do not inherently affect the device's capability to measure speed accurately.